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The earth’s north magnetic pole is on the move – this is what happens when our poles turn

 

• The Earth’s magnetic field protects our planet from harmful space radiation.
• But our shield may soon undergo a change that could threaten human lives on earth.
• Our modern way of life could cease to exist if the poles turn.

Narrator: Did you know that there are two North Pole on Earth? There is the geographical North Pole that never changes. And there’s the magnetic North Pole, which is always on the move. And right now, it’s moving faster than usual.

Over the past 150 years, the magnetic North Pole has occasionally migrated 685 miles across northern Canada. But currently, it competes for 25 miles a year to the northwest. This may be a sign that we are experiencing something that people have never seen before: a magnetic pole reversal. And when that happens, it can affect a lot more than just the compass.

Alanna Mitchell

Right now, on the planet’s surface, it looks like it’s just a rod magnet. Our compasses only show one pole at a time because there is a dominant bipolar system.

But sometimes the earth doesn’t always have just one magnetic north and south pole. Evidence suggests that for hundreds or thousands of years, our planet has had four, six, and even eight poles at a time. This is what happened when the magnetic poles turned in the past. And when that happens again, it’s not good news for people.

Now you might think that eight poles are better than two. But the reality is this: Several magnetic fields are fighting each other. This can weaken the Earth’s protective magnetic field by up to 90% during the pole shift.

The Earth’s magnetic field protects us from harmful space radiation that can damage cells, cause cancer, and consume electronic circuits and electrical networks. When the field is weaker, some researchers believe this could expose planes to higher levels of radiation, making flights less safe.

This can also interfere with the internal compass in many animals that use a magnetic field for navigation. Even more extremely, it can make certain places on the planet too dangerous to live. But what exactly happens on the surface is less clear than what undoubtedly happens in space.

Satellites and crew space missions need additional protection, which we must provide ourselves. Without it, intense cosmic and solar radiation shines on the circuit boards and increases the astronauts ’risk of cancer.

Our modern way of life can cease to exist. We know this because we are already seeing a glimpse of this in an area called the South Atlantic Anomaly. It turns out that the direction of the part of the magnetic field deep below this area has already been reversed! And scientists say this is one reason why the field has been steadily declining since the 1840s.

As a result, the Hubble Space Telescope and other satellites often turned off their sensitive electronics as they crossed the area. And International Space Station astronauts report seeing a greater number of bright flashes of light in their field of vision, believed to be due to high-energy cosmic rays that a weaker field cannot hold back.

Since experts began measuring the deviation a few decades ago, its size has grown and now covers one-fifth (20.3%) of the Earth’s surface, with no signs of shrinkage in the near future. This is so extreme that it could be a sign that we are on the verge of a pole shift, or we may already be in the middle of a pole shift!

But scientists are still skeptical, mainly because:

Mitchell: They don’t know. The last time the poles turned was 780,000 years ago, so we don’t have a record for this. It turns out that 780,000 years is more than double the time that normally takes place on Earth between turns.

Mitchell: In the last 65 million years since the last mass extinction, there have been reversals about every 300,000 years.

So what to give? Well, scientists have not yet understood it. It’s distressing to think that our modern lifestyle – banking, stock market, missile tracking, GPS – is based on something we can’t predict and control. One study estimated that a single giant solar storm could cost the United States as much as $ 41.5 billion a day in damage.

And this is the current strength of the Earth’s magnetic field. It is frightening to imagine the devastation that a storm would cause to an Earth with a magnetic field only 10% stronger.

We may not be able to stop the pole shift, but at least we can take steps to minimize the damage. First step? Find out what’s going on in this crazy industry.

The European Space Agency’s SWARM satellites are hunting to gather the most accurate data on the strength of the Earth’s magnetic field. Right now, they could be our greatest hope in solving this riddle.

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